MochaTonix^® is a nutritionally balanced drink, available in cappuccino, mocha and vanilla flavors. Not only does it provide key nutrients for optimal health, it also provides a pleasant boost of energy and increases metabolism, thus stimulating weight loss. MochaTonix's advanced formula features patented ingredient Advantra Z®, which helps burn fat and increase physical performance. Derived from the Chinese herb Citrus aurantium, Advantra Z promotes lipolysis, the breakdown of fat, and thermogenesis, the production of body heat in muscle and fat. When coupled with an exercise routine, MochaTonix provides a dramatic edge to hectic, sometimes overwhelming lives. It leads to increased energy and physical performance, because the body can efficiently convert free fatty acids released from stores of fat into additional energy.

In addition to giving the body's metabolism a dramatic boost, MochaTonix is a potent mental enhancer, delivering essential nutrients to the brain to aid in the synthesis of necessary noradrenalin, an important neurotransmitter, to increase alertness, concentration and clarity. It helps to re-supply critical amino acids and hormones that are lost because of busy schedules and over-consumption of caffeinated drinks. This restores mental clarity and focus, helping you achieve maximum mental activity for the daily grind. From Ginkgo biloba to Advantra Z and B-vitamins, MochaTonix will heighten your energy, alertness and endurance. MochaTonix contains a myriad of proven, natural ingredients that offer a wide range of benefits.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product(s) is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

‡Advantra Z is a registered trademark of Nutratech, Inc. (U.S. Patent No. 6,224,873).

Advantra Z® (Standard 10 percent adrenergic amines, including synephrine, N-methyltyramine, hordenine, octopamine and tyramine from Citrus aurantium) (Fruit) 
MochaTonix Advanced Formula features a patented ingredient, Advantra Z, that helps to burn fat and increase physical performance. Derived from the Chinese herb Citrus aurantium, Advantra Z promotes lipolysis, the breakdown of fat, thermogenesis and the production of body heat in muscle and fat. By enhancing lipolysis and thermogenesis, Advantra Z prompts the body to accelerate fat loss. The effectiveness of Advantra Z comes from its ability to stimulate beta-3 adrenergic receptor types, one of four receptors in every cell that support and determine the body's response to adrenergic amines such as adrenalin and noradrenalin. It binds to beta-3 receptors and signals the fat cells to degrade stored fat. The adrenergic amines in Advantra Z also heighten the resting metabolic rate without affecting sensitive alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1 and beta-2 receptors that could initiate changes in blood pressure and cardiac function. Advantra Z, when used in tandem with a high protein intake and a moderate weight-training program, ensures that more amino acids are available to the body to incorporate into protein and build lean muscle mass. Advantra Z, when combined with exercise, can help to the body burn fat, build lean muscle mass, and increase physical performance. Not only does it provide additional energy, it can help the body use more efficiently the energy stored in fat. Synephrine is the primary active compound found in the fruit of the Citrus aurantium plant. Synephrine, a component of citrus aurantium, is chemically very similar to the ephedrine and pseudoephedrine found in many OTC cold/allergy medications and in a number of weight loss and energy supplements. Because synephrine is a natural stimulant, similar to caffeine, it is thought to have similar effects in terms of providing an energy boost, suppressing appetite, increasing metabolic rate and increasing caloric expenditure. In traditional Chinese medicine, zhi shi is used to help stimulate the Qi (energy force). Although synephrine and several other compounds found in zhi shi are structurally similar to ephedrine and are known to act as stimulants (via adrenergic activity), zhi shi does not appear to have the same negative central nervous effects of ma huang (ephedra). Through its stimulation of specific adrenergic receptors (beta-3, but not beta-1, beta-2 or alpha-1), zhi shi is theorized to stimulate fat metabolism without the negative cardiovascular side effects. The extract of citrus aurantium, in addition to synephrine, also contains tyramine and octopamine. Octopamine may be related in some way to appetite control, as it is thought to influence insect behavior by stopping bugs from eating the citrus fruit.

Proprietary Lipolysis and Thermogenic Support Blend: Guarana (standardized, 36 percent caffeine) (Seed), Green Tea Extract (Leaf) Yerba Maté (Ilex paraguariensis) 
Guarana derives from the seeds of a South American shrub - most of which originates in Brazil. Traditional uses of guarana by natives of the Amazonian rain forest include mixing crushed seeds in foods and beverages to increase alertness and reduce fatigue. As a dietary supplement, guarana is an effective energy booster, as it contains about twice the caffeine found in coffee beans (about three to four percent caffeine in guarana seeds compared to one to two percent for coffee beans). It enhances physical and mental performance, promoting weight loss and suppressing appetite. The seeds of guarana are known to be rich in xanthines (caffeine) and have been widely used as a tonic in many South American countries, particularly Brazil. In studies which have determined the total xanthine content of guarana powder, caffeine content typically averages 30-50 percent (depending on the extract). Related compounds such as theobromine and theophylline are found at levels of one to three percent and, like caffeine, can be detected in the urine for up to nine days following guarana intake. Most of the scientific evidence on caffeine as a general stimulant and an aid to exercise performance shows convincingly that caffeine is effective. When combined with other stimulant-type supplements such as Citrus aurantium, however, it appears that caffeine can extend the duration of action of the Citrus Aurantium in suppressing appetite and increasing caloric expenditure.

Green Tea Extract has been used medicinally for centuries in India and China. A number of beneficial health effects are related to regular consumption of green tea and dried/powdered extracts of green tea that are available in some dietary supplements. Green tea is prepared by picking, lightly steaming and allowing the leaves to dry. The active components in green tea are a family of polyphenols (catechins) and flavonols, which possess potent antioxidant activity. Several catechins are present in major quantities; epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). EGCG makes up around 10 to 50 percent of the total catechin content and appears to be the most powerful of all the catechins, with antioxidant activity about 25-100 times more powerful than vitamins C and E. Green Tea extract is reported to have positive effects, including cardiovascular system support by normalizing cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and blood clotting. Recent studies have suggested that catechins may be important in promoting weight loss. In some studies, green tea is associated with a mild increase in thermogenesis (increased caloric expenditure), which is generally attributed to its caffeine content. At least one study has shown that green tea extract stimulates thermogenesis to an extent that is much greater than can be attributed to its caffeine content - meaning that the thermogenic properties of green tea may be due to an interaction between its high content of catechin-polyphenols along with caffeine. A probable theory for the thermogenic effect of green tea is an increase in levels of norepinephrine - because catechin-polyphenols are known to inhibit catechol-O-methyl-transferase (the enzyme that degrades norepinephrine). One study examined this theory and the effect of green tea extract on 24-hour energy expenditure, in 10 healthy men, who each consumed three treatments of green tea extract (50mg caffeine and 90mg epigallocatechin gallate), caffeine (50 mg) and placebo (at breakfast, lunch and dinner). The results of the study showed that, relative to placebo, the green tea extract resulted in a significant (four percent) increase in 24-hour energy expenditure (approximately 800 calories per day) and a significant increase in the body's use of fat as an energy source (24-h Respiratory Quotient). In addition, the 24-hour urinary norepinephrine excretion was 40 percent higher during treatment with the green tea extract than with the placebo. It is interesting to note that treatment with caffeine in amounts equivalent to those found in the green tea extract (50mg) had no effect on energy expenditure of fat oxidation, suggesting that the thermogenic properties of green tea it due to compounds other than its caffeine content alone.

Yerba Maté is an evergreen with white flowers and red fruit, found naturally only in South America. Its medicinal parts are the dried or roasted leaves, which have proven to be a rich source of caffeine. Yerba Maté contains xanthines, which are alkaloids in the same family as caffeine, theophylline and theobromine, well-known stimulants also found in coffee and chocolate. Yerba Maté also contains the chemical elements potassium, magnesium and manganese . Like coffee, Yerba Maté stimulates the central nervous system and has a diuretic effect. It also increases the force of heart contractions, affects heart rhythm, and breaks down sugars and fats in the body. It is largely used to fight fatigue. Also, Yerba Maté has been found to be helpful for heart palpitations and weakness. Yerba Maté has been said to promote a mental state of wakefulness, focus and alertness similar to that of most stimulants, but many often remark on Yerba Maté' s unique lack of the negative effects typically created by other similar compounds, such as anxiety, diarrhea, jitteriness and heart palpitations. Yerba Maté creates a powerful synergistic treatment for mental and physical fatigue, and as a diuretic for flushing water from the body.

Proprietary Noradrenalin Support Blend: L-Phenylalanine, L-Tyrosine, L-Taurine, Glycine 
L-Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. The body cannot produce L-phenylalanine, so it must obtain it from diet or supplements. The main dietary sources of L-phenylalanine are high protein foods such as meat, fish, eggs and dairy products. A significant dietary source may be through consumption of sugar-free products containing the artificial sweetener aspartame (Nutrasweet), which is formed by a combination of phenylalanine with another amino acid - aspartic acid. Amino acids come in two forms, designated as L- and D- forms. The L- form is the naturally occurring form in foods, whereas the D- form is the synthetic variety. L-phenylalanine acts as an amino acid precursor boosting noradrenalin production which, in turn, increases mental alertness. It suppresses appetite by fighting the sugar crash that commonly follows a binge on sugar or coffee, which isn't at all uncommon. L-phenylalanine burns fat and maintains muscle and provides a steady energy boost throughout the day. Also, it increases feel good amines in the body, which is a great benefit for those on the run and dieting at the same time. These amines are helpful in lifting overall mood. L-phenylalanine helps maintain nervous system health and can alter pain sensation. In one study, L-phenylalanine supplements were able to elevate mood in 31 of 40 subjects suffering from depression.

L-Tyrosine is an essential amino acid that the body cannot produce on its own, so it must be obtained from external sources such as diet or supplementation. L-tyrosine is found naturally in all kinds of proteins. Dietary sources are primarily from animal and vegetable proteins. Vegetables and juices contain small amounts of the free amino acid. The free amino acid is also found in fermented foods like yogurt and miso (a soy product). L-tyrosine has an antidepressant activity that helps the brain to restore proper amounts of the catecholamines dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. These are often lost due to stress on the body's adrenal system from a poor diet, an unhealthy lifestyle or other environmental factors.

L-Taurine is a nonprotein amino acid and is found in high amounts in the brain, retina, myocardium, skeletal and smooth muscle, platelets and neutrophils. It is plentiful in the fluids of muscle, lungs and nerve tissue. Dietary taurine mainly comes from animal food sources. Taurine is also present, in lower levels, in plant food sources like seaweed. It is classified as an essential amino acid and aids micelle formation and fat absorption. It's important in the hydration of the body and gives an energy boost by stimulating the cells' nutrient uptake as well as improves physical reaction time. Further, it boosts mental alertness and enhances the ability to concentrate.

Proprietary Herbal Adaptogen and Cognitive Support Blend: Acetyl-L-carnitine, Rhodiola Rosea extract (fruit), Ginger (Root), Gingko Biloba (24 percent flavone glycosides, six percent terpenes) (Leaf), American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) (Root), Korean Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) (Root), Gotu Kola (Leaf) 
Acetyl-L-Carnitine is an amino acid that is produced in the liver and kidneys from lysine and methionine. The primary role of acetyl-l-carnitine is to facilitate the transport and metabolism of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation and energy generation. Carnitine can be also found in foods such as meat and dairy products. It inhibits oxidative damage in the brain and works to slow neuronal degeneration or help in the regeneration and repair of neurons. It also helps maintain normal cognitive function, improving memory and alertness. Carnitine has the power to enhance endurance and increase metabolism. It also has cardioprotective effects as it normalizes cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Carnitine supplementation could be of potential benefit under several conditions. Due to carnitine's role in facilitating fatty acid transport into the mitochondria for oxidation, it is possible that elevated carnitine levels would permit a greater and faster transport of fat molecules which would lead to an increase in fat oxidation or use by the body's systems, which may impact weight loss and/or endurance performance. An increased utilization of fat for energy purposes may also result in a sparing of muscle glycogen and a subsequent enhancement of exercise performance. It is also hypothesized that supplemental carnitine may have an effect on reducing lactic acid build-up in muscles by buffering pyruvate, extending exercise capacity before fatigue and reducing post exercise cramping in the larger muscles.

Rhodiola Rosea, the root of rhodiola, has been used in traditional medicine in other countries around the world. Rhodiola rosea is classified as an adaptogen. An adaptogen is a substance that promotes a balancing action on the body, increasing resistance to stressful conditions due to lifestyle and/or diet. Rhodiola rosea contains phenylpropanoids, such as rosavin, rosarin and rosin. Other constituents include salidroside, monoterpene rosiridin, flavonoids, tannins and an essential oil. Rhodiola also contains a range of antioxidant compounds, including p-tyrosol, organic acids (gallic acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid), and flavonoids (catechins and proanthocyanidins). The stimulating and adaptogenic properties of rhodiola rosea are attributed to p-tyrosol, salidroside, rhodioniside, rhodiolin, rosin, rosavin, rosarin and mad rosiridin. Rosavin is the constituent currently selected for standardization of extracts. As an adaptogen, rhodiola rosea increases the body's resistance to infection and encourages healing. Rhodiola rosea's effects are due in part to its power to optimize serotonin and dopamine levels and its influence on opioid peptides such as beta-endorphins. Rhodiola rosea increases resistance to a variety of chemical, biological and physical stressors. Rhodiola rosea influences levels and activity of biogenic monoamines such as serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine in the cerebral cortex, brain stem and hypothalamus. Rhodiola rosea has a nonspecific ability to help the body ward off stress and maintain balance even when threatened with pathological conditions such as colds or viruses. Rhodiola stimulates and protects the immune system by restoring homeostasis (metabolic balance) in the body. It also increases natural killer cells in the stomach and spleen. Rhodiola promotes the release of mood-modulating neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. Rhodiola rosea is quite powerful for improving mood and alleviating depression. It improves both physical and mental performance, reduces fatigue and prevents high altitude sickness. Rhodiola has been shown to be effective for cardiac problems caused or aggravated by stress. It also helps fight infections, nervous system disorders and even motion sickness. Other uses include treating fatigue, depression, anaemia, impotence, infections, nervous system disorders and headache, for longevity and enhanced fertility. Rhodiola has potent antioxidant properties.

Ginger is a shoot-like plant with a single purple-green flower that contains a thick root from which uses for this plant originate. It is native to coastal India, but is now grown and harvested commonly in Jamaica, China, Africa and the West Indies. The root is the source of ginger's aroma and is the source of the spice. Ginger has been used for years as an aid for many gastrointestinal disturbances and to relieve inflamed joints. Its health benefits include the alleviation of motion sickness and nausea, indigestion, flatulence and diarrhea. It has been used to help treat the pain from rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, and also acts as a heart tonic. Asian medicine also uses ginger in shortness of breath. It has been shown to stimulate the intestines and promote production of saliva, digestive juices and bile. It can also boost the pumping action of the heart, prevent the formation of clots, reduce cholesterol levels and fight inflammation.

Ginkgo biloba is sometimes called a living fossil because it is believed to be the world's oldest living species at around 200-million years old. The Ginkgo tree has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 4,000 years. Various parts of the Ginkgo tree were reportedly used in the treatment of respiratory ailments, to improve circulation, as a digestive aid, as a tonic for memory loss in the elderly and as a longevity elixir. In Germany, Ginkgo is a top-selling over-the-counter and prescription drug. Gingkgo biloba extracts are produced from the leaves of cultivated trees and are very popular in the treatment of various disorders. High quality Ginkgo biloba extract is usually standardized to 24 percent ginkgo flavone glycosides and six percent terpene lactones. It has been found to enhance blood circulation to the brain, alleviating cerebral insufficiency, improving alertness and memory and combating stress. It also protects neurons and has an impact on restoring energy levels. Further, it can act as mood enhancer, and an antioxidant.

American and Korean Ginsengs are part of a group of adaptogenic herbs from the plant family Araliacae. Ginseng means essence of the earth in the form of a man. Seng is a term employed by Chinese medicinal-root gatherers for fleshy roots used as tonics. American ginseng grows in shady woodlands with rich soils. It is native to Ohio and found mostly in the Appalachian region of the state. Its range outside of Ohio extends into the eastern half of the United States, from Quebec to Minnesota and south to Georgia and Oklahoma. Korean or Panax ginseng grows on moist, shaded mountainsides in China, Korea and Russia. It is a perennial herb that reaches heights of two or more feet, and is distinguished by its dark green leaves and red clusters of berries. Ginseng is believed to possess outstanding healing properties. It is believed to increase wisdom, longevity and even cure neurological disorders. Ginseng is an adaptogen, which helps the body quickly restore proper balance, slow the effects of aging and fight fatigue. It helps to maintain good cardiovascular health. By acting as an adaptogen it aids the body in directly dealing with the effects of mental and physical stress. Ginseng is used to enhance physical (including sexual) and mental performance, increase energy and resistance to the harmful effects of stress and aging. Medicinal use of ginseng can be traced back nearly 2,000 years. In traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng is a tonic used to increase strength, increase blood volume, promote life and appetite, quiet the spirit and give wisdom. Ginseng was traditionally used for conditions such as defective memory, improving cognition, gastrointestinal disorders and disability states. Ginsengs promote Yang energy, improve circulation, enhance the immune system, increase blood supply, revitalize and promote weakness recovery after illness. Ginseng may also be helpful in maintaining normal blood glucose levels, which indicates its benefit to people with high blood sugar.

Gotu Kola is a vine-like plant native to India and Southeast Asia. In India and Indonesia, gotu kola has a long history of use to promote wound healing and treat skin conditions. In Europe, extracts of gotu kola are used as drugs for the treatment of wound healing defects. Gotu Kola helps in preventing varicose veins and hemorrhoids. It also helps heal scars, burns and wounds, reduces skin inflammation and skin wrinkles. It may even help with the fight against cellulite. Gotu kola increases energy levels, improves memory and circulation while promoting restful sleep. Perhaps the best evidence in favor for Gotu kola is shown by its ability to improve symptoms of varicose veins, specifically overall discomfort, tiredness and swelling. Gotu Kola might aid in fighting fatigue. It has also been shown to aid in cognitive health.

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Around 90 percent of vitamin C in the average American diet derives from fruits and vegetables. Peppers (sweet, green, red, hot red and green chili) are especially rich in vitamin C. Other good sources include citrus fruits and juices, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, collards, mustard greens, broccoli, spinach, guava, kiwi fruit, currants and strawberries. Nuts and grains contain smaller amounts of vitamin C. It is important to note that cooking destroys vitamin C activity. Vitamin C is integral in strengthening the immune system, also acting as an antioxidant. Ascorbic acid may be the most important water-soluble antioxidant in the body. Vitamin C aids in the detoxification of some heavy metals, such as lead and other toxic chemicals. It aids in the synthesis of collagen, protects against infections, aids in wound healing and can lower cholesterol levels. The ascorbic acid form of vitamin C is involved in mediating iron absorption, transport and storage. It assists in the intestinal absorption of iron via reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron and may stimulate ferritin production to promote iron storage in cells. It is involved in the biosynthesis of corticosteroids, aldosterone and the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids.

Vitamin E (d-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate)
The most valuable sources of dietary vitamin E include vegetable oils, margarine, nuts, seeds, avocados and wheat germ. Safflower oil contains large amount of vitamin E and there are trace amounts found in corn oil and soybean oil. Vitamin E is actually a family of related compounds called tocopherols and tocotrienols. Vitamin E is available in a natural or synthetic form. In most cases, the natural and synthetic form of vitamins and minerals are identical. With vitamin E, the natural form is far superior in terms of absorption and retention in the body. The natural form of alpha-tocopherol is known as d-alpha tocopherol. For those individuals watching their dietary fat consumption, which is relatively common in the world of dieting, vitamin E intake is likely to be low, due to a reduced intake of foods with fat content. The health benefits of supplemental vitamin E include its immune-boosting antioxidant properties, as well as its wound healing capabilities and the ability to promote cardiovascular health. Vitamin E is one of the most powerful fat-soluble antioxidants in the body by protecting cell membranes from free radical damage.

B-Vitamins (Thiamin HCL,(B1),/Riboflavin(B2),/ Niacin,33 mg/Niacinamide (Ascorbate),B6(Pyridoxine HCL),/Folic Acid,/B12 (Cyanocobalamin),/B5 (D-Calcium Pantothenate),
The B-vitamins are largely found in meats, beans, cereals, eggs, nuts and seeds and Brewer's Yeast. The main role of B-vitamins is to produce energy, specifically acting as co-factors in the Kreb's cycle where they turn food energy into usable energy for the body and its cells. The B-vitamins can improve mental clarity, maintain a normal metabolism and possibly alleviate fatigue. They have the propensity to work together, synergistically aiding in the transport of other vitamins or other B-vitamins. Vitamin B6 is especially useful in aiding other vitamins across the blood barrier. B-vitamins are also responsible for healthy nervous, heart and muscle systems. Some B-vitamins are needed for healthy skin, hair and nails as well as healthy growth. Others play a large role in the maintenance and production of healthy red and white blood cells.

Magnesium (Oxide) 
Foods rich in magnesium include unpolished grains, nuts and green vegetables. Green, leafy vegetables are potent sources of magnesium because of their chlorophyll content. Meats, starches and milk contain smaller amounts of magnesium. Magnesium is a component of the mineralized part of bone, and is necessary for the metabolism of potassium and calcium in adults. It helps maintain normal levels of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, adrenaline and insulin. It's also important for the mobilization of calcium, transporting it inside the cell for further utilization thus making it helpful in preventing osteoporosis. It plays a key role in the functioning of muscle and nervous tissue. Magnesium is necessary for the synthesis of all proteins, nucleic acids, nucleotides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, lipids and carbohydrates. This mineral also inhibits the formation and growth of calcium oxalate stones in the kidney and bladder. Further, magnesium helps indirectly in reversing the effects of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation as involved with the aging process. Magnesium is required for energy release, regulation of the body temperature, proper nerve function, helping the body handle stress and regulating our metabolism. Magnesium works with calcium to regulate the heart and blood pressure. Importantly, magnesium is also required by the body to build healthy bones and teeth, and is required for proper muscle development. It also works with calcium and vitamin D to help keep bones strong and prevent osteoporosis. Magnesium also protects the heart by discouraging the aggregation (clumping) of red blood cells, which can lead to the formation of blood clots, and by raising HDL (good) cholesterol levels. Magnesium has traditionally been used for conditions, including Raynaud's disease, skeletal muscle spasm from injury or trauma, gangrene, epilepsy, spastic colon, dry skin, nervous irritability and lead toxicity. Magnesium helps in the management of PMS, preeclampsia as well as in bronchodilatory activities.

Zinc (as Zinc Oxide) 
Zinc is largely found in fortified cereals, red meats, eggs, poultry and certain seafoods, including oysters. It is a component of multiple enzymes and proteins. It is also involved in the regulation of gene expression. Zinc is an essential trace mineral that has functions in 300 different enzymatic reactions. Thus, zinc plays a part in almost all biochemical pathways and physiological processes. More than 90 percent of the body's zinc is stored in the bones (30 percent) and muscles (60 percent), but zinc is also found in virtually all body tissues. It has been claimed that zinc plays a role in wound healing, immune system support (via reducing the length and severity of colds in lozenge form), healthy prostate gland promotion (via preventing benign prostatic hyperplasia- BPH) and fertility enhancement by means of sperm production in males. Because zinc is involved in such a great number of enzymatic processes, it has been found to positively affect a large range of issues including digestion, energy production, growth, cellular repair, collagen synthesis, bone strength, cognitive function and carbohydrate metabolism (glucose utilization and insulin production).

Copper (as Copper Gluconate) 
The richest sources of dietary copper derive from organ meats, seafood, nuts, seeds, wheat bran cereal, whole grain products and cocoa products. It may have some antioxidant properties and acts as a component of enzymes in iron metabolism. It is an essential trace mineral. Anemia, neutropenia and osteoporosis can be present with copper deficiency. Symptoms of a mild deficiency include abnormal glucose tolerance, hypercholesterolemia, arthritis, myocardial disease, arterial disease, cardiac arrhythmias, loss of pigmentation and neurological problems. Copper is needed in normal infant development, red and white blood cell maturation, iron transport, bone strength, cholesterol metabolism, myocardial contractility, glucose metabolism, brain development and immune function.

Chromium (as chromium nicotinate) 
Chromium is found naturally in some cereals, meats, poultry, brewer's yeast, broccoli, prunes mushrooms, fish and beer. Chromium is an essential trace mineral that plays an important role in glucose metabolism, regulation of insulin levels and the maintenance of healthy blood levels of cholesterol and other fats. Chromium combines to form something in the body called glucose tolerance factor, or GTF, which has an impact on the actions of insulin in regulating blood sugar levels. It is claimed that chromium helps to lower blood sugar, cholesterol and triglycerides, as it increases insulin sensitivity. It is reported to help reduce overall body fat, control hunger and suppress appetite. Many in the weight loss industry view chromium as an integral mineral in weight maintenance. It has also been claimed that chromium can contribute to an increase in lean body and muscle mass.

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